# Tag Info

16

Mostly, they used RF Ammeters in series with the antenna. The first ones were hot-wire ammeters which were completely mechanical devices. One end of a thin nichrome wire (or other wire of sufficiently high resistance) inside the meter was coupled directly to the pointer shaft (often wrapped around it); the other end was anchored to the meter case. As the ...

13

There are two different parts to antenna tuning: transmission line impedance matching and resonance. The antenna is at resonance when it presents a purely resistive load to the transmitter. That is, the reactive component of the load is 0: there exists no inductance or capacitance in the load. However, resonance says nothing about the value of the ...

10

The situations described, schematically: simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab When the source and load are matched (Rantenna = Rreceiver), you will be measuring the voltage in the first case through a voltage divider such that the measured voltage will always be half the open-circuit voltage.

10

As you can see from the following equation, it is definitely not that easy. What I would do is draw a 10:1 SWR circle on a Smith Chart and assume that your tuner can match all of the infinite number of impedances inside that 10:1 SWR circle. If you don't know how to read impedances from a Smith Chart, it would be worth your while to learn how. The green area ...

9

The canonical solution to this problem is a Wilkinson power divider. There are of course other power dividers, but the Wilkinson is easy to fabricate, provides good isolation between the output ports, and is lossless when the output ports are equal and in phase, which is true for an ideal antenna array. If you were to make one of these yourself, you'd ...

8

You'll be fine to start without an additional SWR meter. An SWR meter doesn't provide any protection. With or without an SWR meter, you'd want to start on a new antenna on low power, then increase power only after measuring the SWR. Don't worry too much. If transmitting at much less than maximum power you won't damage anything even with the worst possible ...

8

First, a general statement: the antenna analyzer has one set parameter, the frequency, and one measured parameter, the impedance (which is a complex number and therefore requires two real numbers to display). Everything else can be derived, one way or the other. Why for Z & Zpar are there 2 numbers, one with a j in front. What do those mean? $Z$ ...

7

Your TS430S has a solid state final and no internal antenna tuner. As such it is designed to work into a 50 ohm load at all times. This means you can disregard this note in your antenna tuner manual. If the tuner was used with a radio with tube finals then you would need to heed this cautionary note. If the tuner is used with a radio that has a built in ...

7

The electrically shortened antennas often found on HTs are not simple pieces of wire, but coils: By Shootthedevgru at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 The coil adds inductance over the length of the antenna, making it appear electrically longer than it is physically. Without the inductance, the antenna would need to be approximately a quarter-wavelength ...

6

The source of the SWR limit on the transmitter end is the losses in the feedline. In general, the higher the matched line loss, the lower the maximum SWR that will be present at the transmitter end. Since the SWR limit is the result of losses in the feedline, the efficacy of the 'high SWR fix' must be considered. The mechanism has to do with the trips that ...

6

Firstly, at 900+ MHz, shorting out components to take antenna impedance measurements is not a good practice as the lead length can be a substantial portion of a wavelength. Stray inductance and capacitance must also be avoided. Secondly, your matching network appears horribly complicated for an impedance matching circuit. Generally, a simple "L" network (...

6

The SWR is related to the reflection coefficient $\Gamma$: $$\Gamma = {Z_L - Z_0 \over Z_L + Z_0 }$$ $$\text{VSWR} = {1+|\Gamma| \over 1 - |\Gamma|}$$ where: $Z_0$ is the feedline impedance, usually 50 ohms, and $Z_L$ is the load (nominally, the antenna) impedance. The reflection coefficient is a complex number and thus takes into account the phase ...

6

A low SWR bandwidth is a consequence of shortening the antenna for mobile use. SWR bandwidth is related to the antenna system's Q factor, the ratio of energy stored to energy dissipated per cycle. A higher Q means less SWR bandwidth. Decreasing Q will increase SWR bandwidth. That can be done by decreasing the energy stored, or increasing the energy ...

6

Many baluns will work just fine in either direction, though there isn't just one kind of "4:1 balun". This kind is wound on two cores, and works as a common-mode choke: simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab A common-mode choke works in either direction, so it matters not which end is balanced and which is unbalanced (or if both ...

6

Intersymbol Interference (ISI) — or analog equivalents, like ghosting — are relevant only when the difference in time of arrival between the primary and reflected signal are significant compared to the symbol duration. For example, PSK 31 has a symbol rate of 31.25 baud, meaning each symbol is 32 ms long. If the difference in arrival time is significantly ...

5

The MA5B is rated for 1,200 watts PEP. 200 watts is certainly well below that threshold. Things to check: Arcing, corrosion or moisture inside the match box A loose or corroded connection from the matchbox to the driven element Loose or corroded connections in the "X hats" A waterlogged, corroded or otherwise failed trap Loose or corroded connections in the ...

5

Given the matched loss of the feedline and the SWR at the transmitter, we can calculate the SWR at the antenna in three simple steps. First convert the SWR at the transmitter to the corresponding magnitude of the reflection coefficient (Gamma), or MRC for short within the context of this answer. The MRC is the magnitude of the complex ratio of the reflected ...

5

The main risk is damaging the radio with a high SWR. You can buy a meter that will measure the SWR, or your radio may have such a meter built-in. Or you can take precautions like reducing the transmit power. That said, you should be relatively safe with an HT. The transmit powers involved are usually low enough that it's economical simply size the ...

5

Your transmitter has something called an "output impedance" and expects to be loaded with this impedance. The standard is 50 ohms. You don't need to look up the output impedance, it was standardized and anything made in the last 50 years will expect 50 ohms. The 50 ohms the tranmitter expects is measured at RF frequencies. Many antennas look like short ...

5

If the SWR was very poor with the whip installed, you could simply be hitting the limits of your analyzer. Inexpensive analyzers are not very precise when the load is very poorly matched. Alternately, something may be broken. Perhaps the analyzer, or the feedline you are using to connect it, the antenna mount, or the antenna itself. I suggest testing each ...

5

There is no need to "pin" an interstage impedance. You may directly transform from the native output impedance of one stage to the native input impedance of the next without going through an intermediate transformation or termination. When designing an interstage transformer, the general design rule is to ensure that the inductive reactance of each winding ...

5

Welcome to StackExchange. Your questions are natural for a new user of an instrument like the AA-35. Some of your questions are addressed in the item on Impedance in Wikipedia. Impedance, denoted as $Z$, describes two aspects of a circuit's behavior when stimulated with AC: resistance, $R$, which dissipates energy, and reactance, $X$, which stores and ...

5

How do I convert the above data to provide the impedance of my antenna, at this point, for this tested frequency? "Z (Ω) = 167.19 - j63.91" is telling you the impedance. The impedance of your antenna is $(167.19 - j63.91)$ ohms. Then, how many ohms, increase or decrease, would be required to “transform” from the antenna impedance, so it becomes the 75Ω ...

5

You have mixed up the characteristic impedance of a coaxial cable with the DC impedance measured from a piece of that cable. So I'll tell you what you measured and then what you could have done instead. First of all, I have no idea what does it mean to measure a capacitance with a multimeter when you have connected both measurement leads to the same piece ...

5

An antenna which is electrically long at the desired frequency usually presents inductive series reactance at the feedpoint. This inductive reactance can be compensated by adding series capacitive reactance - a single capacitor - between the feedline and the antenna at the feedpoint. This will probably be a relatively narrow-band solution. Be sure to use a ...

4

Another phenomenon that might play into the impression that HF transmitters are more susceptible to damage from high VSWR is feedline loss. Feedline loss increases as frequency increases. So at HF frequencies the power reaching the antenna feedpoint is higher due to lower feedline losses, and for the same reason the signal reflected back from the antenna ...

4

This can indeed be a fine setup. With a suitably low-loss feedline, and a good tuner, just about anything can be made to function as an effective antenna. There are two factors that determine the losses in this situation: the matched loss of the feedline, a function of length and the attenuation specified in the datasheet, and the operating SWR on the ...

4

Remember the time-honored engineering adage: Better is the enemy of Good Enough. It is difficult to imagine any practical value to inserting a matching network between your generator or feedline and your antenna: 49.4 - j8.1 ohms equates to an SWR of less than 1.2:1 on a 50$\Omega$ line, already a very good match. Given the relatively large tolerances and ...

4

It is very difficult to help you with analyzing a circuit when clearly, and as you stated, your measurements were in error. The electrically fractional wavelength loop will have a very low feedpoint resistance of less than 1 ohm - not the ~200 ohms you incorrectly measured. Until you correct your measurement error, any further analysis will be conjecture. ...

4

You are correct that there is a clear correlation. Perhaps your Smith chart does not have the following scales along the bottom?: The technique is to use your compass to measure from the center of the chart to the normalized load impedance (zL). Then relocated the compass pin to the point marked "CENTER" in the above scales and read the reflection ...

Only top voted, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible