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Dipoles ideally have 72 ohms impedance. I know most of the time this isn't what one gets and it can vary a lot. But let's assume we can build this perfect dipole that exhibits this impedance.

Why do most designs just suggest a 1:1 balun for coax, if coax is usually 50 ohms? Wouldn't it be better to use a 1.5:1 balun? What would be the loss if we connect a 72 ohm antenna to a 50 ohm line without matching it?

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  • $\begingroup$ Buy 75 ohm coax instead of 50 ohm, like many of us do. $\endgroup$ – Mike Waters♦ Oct 30 '19 at 5:39
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    $\begingroup$ @MikeWaters but that would just move the issue further back, the radio is still 50 ohms. $\endgroup$ – hjf Oct 30 '19 at 6:16
  • $\begingroup$ Transmitters are designed to drive 50 Ohms, but their actual output impedance is usually far different/lower (or acts that way). $\endgroup$ – hotpaw2 Oct 30 '19 at 12:46
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A "1:1 balun" in this application is usually a common-mode choke. Its function is primarily to reduce common-mode current, rather than to perform any impedance transformation.

Such baluns are easy and inexpensive to fabricate, work on many bands, can handle a lot of power, and have low loss; all because in the differential mode they just look like a length of transmission line.

If there were a trivial way to achieve a 1.5:1 impedance transformation additionally, that would be great. Unfortunately there is not. One could use a transformer with an appropriate turns ratio, but that would involve transferring power through the core with associated loss and other issues. Or an L matching network could be used, but again this comes with loss and other engineering challenges.

In practice, any SWR under 1.6:1 is acceptable for most applications. The SWR losses due to such a mismatch are most likely less than the loss that would be introduced by a matching network.

The SWR loss can be eliminated by using 75 ohm coax. Of course the transmitter will still see a 75 ohm load, but this is within the specifications of most transmitters.

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In you are feeding an antenna which has an impedance 72 Ohm, you will get SWR:

72 / 50 == 1.44

... which corresponds to ~3% power loss. Considering that the transformer may cause power losses of similar order personally I wouldn't use one.

This being said in reality a dipole can be bent to inverted-V shape. Inverted-V has an impedance about 50 Ohm.

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