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Does the official International Morse code include alphabetic characters other than the 26 letters of the English alphabet? If so, what are the most common other alphabets or characters that one might find used on HF CW bands?
Added:
How do Greek and Cyrillic alphabets map to CW (Morse?) code?
There are. Wikipedia has a list:
A little searching will turn up more. They don't always agree, since they are conventional extensions, not standards.
Usage is sporadic at best. Many languages have mechanisms to cram their orthography into 7-bit ASCII, driven by the need for their language to work on computers.1 For example in German, "ß" can be written as "ss", and "ö" as "oe". These systems work for Morse code as well.
In some languages, simply removing diacritics doesn't introduce much ambiguity, so some people will simply omit them from transmitted Morse code. This isn't too surprising, considering the already high degree of abbreviation used even by English speakers, where a transmission might not even include words:
RRR FB QSO OM 73 DE AC8NJ I
Morse code is, by definition, an encoding of the basic Latin alphabet, so languages that use something else (Chinese, Greek, Hebrew, Russian, to name a few) can not be represented in Morse code propper. This hasn't prevented those languages from developing similar dot-and-dash telegraph codes, and Wikipedia has a list. They do tend to use similar codes where possible. For example, Greek alpha shares the same code as "A", as the two share some relatively recent history. Where letters are more distantly related (for example Hebrew), the mappings tend to shoot for similar sound. Where the orthographic systems have basically nothing in common (Chinese), no intuitive mapping is possible.
1: multi-language support in computers is a relatively recent development, and still quite a few systems can't manage to get it right.
È grave •-••- (ex) (French) or
È grave or ••-•• (el) (Italian)
Ë diaresis or ••-•• (el)
Ę hook or ••-•• (el) (Polish)
É acute ••-•• (el) (French, Spanish) or
É acute or -••-• (xe)
Here's a list of Morse Code characters with diacritics I've been able to compile from various sources: (Two letters in parentheses means combination of letter codes)
ÃO ••-•- (ua) (Portuguese)
à tilde or •--•- (ak)
Á acute or •--•- (ak)
Å corona or •--•- (ak)
À grave or •--•- (ak)
 circumflex •--•- (ak)
Ä umlaut or •-•- (aa)
Ą hook or •-•- (aa) (Polish)
Æ Scandinavian or •-•- (aa)
Ç cedille •-•- (backward C) or
Ç cedille or -•-•• (ce) (French, Portuguese, Turkish)
Ć acute or -•-•• (ce) (Polish)
Ĉ circumflex -•-•• (ce) (Esperanto)
Č caron -•--• (kn) (Croatian)
CH ---- (mm) (French, Spanish, Portuguese, German)
CZ ---• (oe) (Polish)
DŽ --•-• (gn) (Croatian)
Ð eth ••--• (ep) (Icelandic, Faroese)
Ð stroke ••-•• (id) (Croatian)
È grave •-••- (ex) (French) or
È grave or ••-•• (el) (Italian)
Ë diaresis or ••-•• (el)
Ę hook or ••-•• (el) (Polish)
É acute ••-•• (el) (French, Spanish) or
É acute or -••-• (xe)
Ê circumflex -••-• (xe) (French)
Ğ breve --•-• (gn) (Turkish)
Ĝ circumflex --•-• (gn) (Esperanto)
Ĥ circumflex ---- (mm) (Esperanto) (new) or
Ĥ circumflex -•--• (kn) (Esperanto) (old)
I dotless •-••- (lt) (Turkish)
Ï diaeresis -••-- (dm)
Ì grave or •---• (je) (Italian)
Ĵ circumflex •---• (je) (Esperanto)
LJ •---• (je) (Croatian)
Ł slash •-••- (lt)
NJ or --•-- (gm) (Croatian)
NY or --•-- (gm) (Hungarian)
Ń acute or --•-- (gm) (Polish)
Ñ tilde --•-- (gm) (Spanish)
ÕES or ---• (oe) (Portuguese)
Ó acute or ---• (oe)
Ò grave or ---• (oe) (Italian)
Ö umlaut or ---• (oe)
Ô circumflex or ---• (oe)
Ø Scandinavian ---• (oe)
Ś acute •••-••• (sb) (Polish)
Ş hook •--•• (pe) (Turkish)
Ș comma or ---- (mm) (Romanian)
Š caron ---- (mm)
Ŝ circumflex •••-• (sn) (Esperanto)
SZ -•-•- (ct) (Polish)
ß ess-tzet •••--•• (sz) or
ß ess-tzet ••• ••• ss
Þ thorn •--•• (pe) (Icelandic)
Ü umlaut or ••-- (ut)
Ù grave or ••-- (ut) (Italian)
Ŭ breve or ••-- (ut) (Esperanto)
Û circumflex ••-- (ut) (French)
Ž caron or --••- (zt) (Croatian)
Ź acute --••- (zt) (Polish)
Ż dot --••-• (zn) (Polish)
¿ inverted question mark ••-•- (ua) (Spanish)
¡ inverted exclamation point --•••- (za) (Spanish)
There are a few, as can be seen from my blog. Note the list includes the entire alphabet I could find, including a few alphabetic characters. I haven't personally heard any of them on the air, but I haven't learned CW enough to really be able to say anything on the matter.
The Greek language is a little bit special because of the diphthongs (two successive letters producing a different sound when they appear together) which get mapped to a single symbol in Morse code. For more information (including Cyrilic) please see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code_for_non-Latin_alphabets
I found this one for Thai characters on Wikipedia, in Thai. Unfortunately there is not an English Language version of this page, because they put the information in the "Morse Code" entry.
The Thai writing system is 100% phonetic. It has 44 consonants and 32 vowels. The consonants are separated into three groups (with some duplication of the same sound in the same group), and it's interesting to note that the Thai language morse code does away with the duplication of sounds within the same group, so some morse symbols represent several letters.
Many vowels are compounds of other symbols, and it looks like they break all the vowels into their components for the sake of sending them in morse.
Finally, there are some markers for tone, or to indicate vowel length.
Here is Korean code.
there's 26 alphabets codes,
numbers are same with English.
from https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B6%80%ED%98%B8
